Practical guides · Page 5
Search and filter all practical guidesChoose Between a Mean and a Median by the Question
Distinguish average burden from a typical observation before reacting to skewed data.
Plan a bridge when measurement devices change
Collect paired evidence across the relevant range before combining measurements from old and new devices.
Separate Mediators From Confounders Before Adjusting a Model
Use causal timing and the target effect to distinguish adjustment from pathway blocking.
Report the Resolution of a Simulated P-Value
Distinguish a finite permutation estimate from an exact zero and plan enough draws for the intended threshold.
Handle a Shared Comparator in a Multiarm Trial
Prevent repeated control participants from being counted as independent evidence in a pairwise synthesis.
Align multicentre data collection before pooling
Resolve site differences in definitions, timing and implementation before combining study records.
Choose a Negative Control That Can Test a Specific Bias Concern
Connect an auxiliary exposure or outcome to the suspected bias mechanism before interpreting its association.
Verify risk-set sampling in a nested case-control study
Check control eligibility at each case time and preserve repeat selections required by the sampling design.
Keep Model Selection Inside the Inner Cross-Validation Loop
Evaluate the complete tuning process without letting outer test folds influence its decisions.
Check Whether a Likelihood-Ratio Comparison Is Valid
Verify nesting, common data, and regularity before interpreting a difference in fitted likelihoods.
Check the Direction of a Noninferiority Margin
Map the outcome, contrast, and unfavorable boundary before interpreting a noninferiority interval.
Audit What a Nonresponse Weight Adjustment Can Address
Separate sample selection, unit nonresponse and missing questionnaire items before adjusting weights.